Srinivas Raghavendra

India’s export-led growth model

Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Growth, Distribution, and Social Reproduction: The case of Indian Economy

Fri, 02 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

டிரம்ப்பின் வர்த்தகப் போரும் பத்திரச் சந்தையின் சீற்றமும் (Trump's trade war)

Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Thinking about self and talking about the economy: The challenges and Joys of teaching Macroeconomics

Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Explained: How US bond market fury stopped Trump’s trade war

Fri, 18 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Economic growth and Social reproduction

Mon, 27 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

எப்படி இருக்கிறது நிதிநிலை அறிக்கை? (Analysing Tamil Nadu's state budget 2024-25)

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

தொடரும் ஆணாதிக்கச் சிந்தனையும் தீவிரமடையும் பாலியல் குற்றங்களும் (Continuing patriarchal thinking will only intensifying sexual crimes)

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Fallacy of Composition: A fundamental challenge in understanding Macroeconomcis

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ஏற்றம் கண்டதா இந்தியப் பொருளாதாரம்? (Indian economic growth)

Thu, 19 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Inclusive growth and unequal development

Sun, 17 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

வளர்ச்சி ஏற்றத்தாழ்வுகள் பற்றிய புரிதல் (Understanding the fundamentals of economic growth: this year's Nobel Prize in Economics)

Wed, 23 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

On the fall in household savings

Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rising debt strains household savings

Thu, 23 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

2023 கற்றதும் பெற்றதும் | இந்தியப் பொருளாதாரம்: வாய்ப்புகளும் சவால்களும் (Indian Economy: Opportunities and Challenges)

Wed, 13 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

நோபல் 2023 - பொருளாதாரம் | கருத்தடை மாத்திரையின் அமைதிப் புரட்சிக்கு அங்கீகாரம் (Nobel 2023 - Economics | Recognition of the Silent Revolution of the Contraceptive Pill)

Fri, 13 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

எப்படி இருக்கிறது இந்தியப் பணியாளர்களின் நிலை? (What is the status of employment in the Indian economy?)

Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

உரிமைத்தொகைத் திட்டமும் பெண்களுக்கு அதிகாரமளித்தலும் (Cash transfer for housewives and their empowerment)

Fri, 15 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Investing in the care economy

Sun, 04 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Saving the economy from development

Tue, 26 Nov 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Has economics lost its ability to relate to real world?

Thu, 16 May 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Dismissing Domestic Violence as a ‘Private Matter’ Ignores Adverse Impact to the Economy

Tue, 22 Aug 2017 00:00:00 +0000

Economists and Austerity Errors

Mon, 20 May 2013 00:00:00 +0000

Example Talk

Sat, 01 Jun 2030 13:00:00 +0000

Click on the Slides button above to view the built-in slides feature.

Slides can be added in a few ways:

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Further event details, including page elements such as image galleries, can be added to the body of this page.

Teaching Philosophy

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

My teaching philosophy and practices are inspired by two of the fundamental tenets of Tagore’s educational vision. First is the notion of freedom in learning and the second is the notion of harmony with oneself and with nature. My own lived experiences as a student in rural town in India always have prompted me to think about the notion of freedom in learning, but never had the imagination to articulate it until I read this evocative Tagore’s poem, Where the mind is without fear:

Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high
Where knowledge is free
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
By narrow domestic walls
Where words come out from the depth of truth
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way
Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit
Where the mind is led forward by thee
Into ever-widening thought and action
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.

Gitanjali by Tagore, Translated by William Radice (2011)

Tagore saw true freedom as a state where knowledge is free and able to produce clear stream of reason that is not lost its way in the dreary desert sand of dead habit and that leads the mind forward into ever-widening thought and action. This poem continues to inspire and redefine my teaching to date.

You can find my Teaching Portfolio here.

Recent courses (2023-2025)

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Azim Premji University, India (2023-2025)

BA

MA

Past courses (2000-2023)

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

University of Galway, Ireland (2004-present)

Undergraduate

Advanced Economic Theory
Comparative Economic Thought
International Monetary Economics
Macroeconomics and Public Policy
Mathematics for Economics
Modelling, Analysis and Simulation
Money and Banking
Principles of Economics
Quantitative Methods for Economics
Seminar in Financial Economics
Topics in Macroeconomic Theory

Postgraduate

International Monetary Economics
Macroeconomic Theory and Policy
Quantitative Methods in Finance
Seminar in Financial Economics

PhD

Research Seminar in Macroeconomics

Madras School of Economics, India (2000-2004)

MSc

Capital Markets
Macroeconomic Theory 1
Macroeconomic Theory 2
Statistical Methods for Economics

Indian Institute of Science, India (Visiting Professor 2013-2017)

Ways of Doing: Mapping Science-Society Relationship

International Labor Organization, Italy (Visiting Professor 2013-2017)

Economic Development

Aalborg University, Denmark (2008-2009)

Advanced Macroeconomic Theory

EconDyn Lab

Fri, 08 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Welcome!

We live in time, yet in economics classrooms, time stands still! 😸

Undergraduate economics teaching mainly uses the comparative static method.

The comparative static method is like taking snapshots of the system at different times and comparing them. But it does not tell us anything about the the transition between them - whether the journey is bumpy or smooth!

Dynamics is the study about the quality of the journey and what makes the journey bumpy or smooth.

Simulation is a tool to visualize the dynamics of the system, i.e., the journey. It’s not just a computational tool, but it is an active learning tool to understand basic economic intuition.

How to use the platform?

The aim of Econdyn Lab is to provide a simulation tool to help experimental learning in Economics.

First, play around the with the parameter values and initial conditions in various models and see how the output plots change - thanks to our dynamic and talented intern Aditya Mahadevan for working on the simulation toolbars using the Shiny package in R (open source). 🫡
Second, go to the main reference textbook and study the models to see how the dynamics in those plots are generated.
Third, experimenting with the paramter values will help you understand what values make “economic” sense and what values don’t!

Simulate, Experiment, and Repeat 😹

Dynamic Models for Simulation

Time Series Notes by Kedar Kulkarni

Econdyn Lab Team

Srinivas Raghavendra, University of Galway, Ireland.
Aditya Mahadevan, BA Economics, Azim Premji University, India.
Petri T. Piiroinen, Dynamics, Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Zico Dasgupta, Azim Premji University, India
Kedar Kulkarni, Azim Premji University, India

Projects

Sun, 19 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pandas

Thu, 26 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Flexible and powerful data analysis / manipulation library for Python, providing labeled data structures.

PyTorch

Thu, 26 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

PyTorch is a Python package that provides tensor computation (like NumPy) with strong GPU acceleration.

scikit-learn

Thu, 26 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

scikit-learn is a Python module for machine learning built on top of SciPy and is distributed under the 3-Clause BSD license.

Experience

Tue, 24 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Learn JavaScript

Tue, 24 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Hugo Blox Builder is designed to give technical content creators a seamless experience. You can focus on the content and the Hugo Blox Builder which this template is built upon handles the rest.

Embed videos, podcasts, code, LaTeX math, and even test students!

On this page, you’ll find some examples of the types of technical content that can be rendered with Hugo Blox.

Video

Teach your course by sharing videos with your students. Choose from one of the following approaches:

Youtube:

{{< youtube w7Ft2ymGmfc >}}

Bilibili:

{{< bilibili id="BV1WV4y1r7DF" >}}

Video file

Videos may be added to a page by either placing them in your assets/media/ media library or in your page’s folder, and then embedding them with the video shortcode:

{{< video src="my_video.mp4" controls="yes" >}}

Podcast

You can add a podcast or music to a page by placing the MP3 file in the page’s folder or the media library folder and then embedding the audio on your page with the audio shortcode:

{{< audio src="ambient-piano.mp3" >}}

Try it out:

Test students

Provide a simple yet fun self-assessment by revealing the solutions to challenges with the spoiler shortcode:

{{< spoiler text="👉 Click to view the solution" >}}
You found me!
{{< /spoiler >}}

renders as

👉 Click to view the solution

You found me 🎉

Math

Hugo Blox Builder supports a Markdown extension for $\LaTeX$ math. You can enable this feature by toggling the math option in your config/_default/params.yaml file.

To render inline or block math, wrap your LaTeX math with {{< math >}}$...${{< /math >}} or {{< math >}}$$...$${{< /math >}}, respectively.

We wrap the LaTeX math in the Hugo Blox math shortcode to prevent Hugo rendering our math as Markdown.

Example math block:

{{< math >}}
$$
\gamma_{n} = \frac{ \left | \left (\mathbf x_{n} - \mathbf x_{n-1} \right )^T \left [\nabla F (\mathbf x_{n}) - \nabla F (\mathbf x_{n-1}) \right ] \right |}{\left \|\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n}) - \nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n-1}) \right \|^2}
$$
{{< /math >}}

renders as

$$\gamma_{n} = \frac{ \left | \left (\mathbf x_{n} - \mathbf x_{n-1} \right )^T \left [\nabla F (\mathbf x_{n}) - \nabla F (\mathbf x_{n-1}) \right ] \right |}{\left \|\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n}) - \nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n-1}) \right \|^2}$$

Example inline math {{< math >}}$\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n})${{< /math >}} renders as $\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n})$ .

Example multi-line math using the math linebreak (\\):

{{< math >}}
$$f(k;p_{0}^{*}) = \begin{cases}p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=1, \\
1-p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=0.\end{cases}$$
{{< /math >}}

renders as

$$ f(k;p_{0}^{*}) = \begin{cases}p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=1, \\ 1-p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=0.\end{cases} $$

Code

Hugo Blox Builder utilises Hugo’s Markdown extension for highlighting code syntax. The code theme can be selected in the config/_default/params.yaml file.

```python
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
data.head()
```

renders as

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
data.head()

Inline Images

{{< icon name="python" >}} Python

renders as

Python

Learn Python

Tue, 24 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Hugo Blox Builder is designed to give technical content creators a seamless experience. You can focus on the content and the Hugo Blox Builder which this template is built upon handles the rest.

Embed videos, podcasts, code, LaTeX math, and even test students!

On this page, you’ll find some examples of the types of technical content that can be rendered with Hugo Blox.

Video

Teach your course by sharing videos with your students. Choose from one of the following approaches:

Youtube:

{{< youtube w7Ft2ymGmfc >}}

Bilibili:

{{< bilibili id="BV1WV4y1r7DF" >}}

Video file

Videos may be added to a page by either placing them in your assets/media/ media library or in your page’s folder, and then embedding them with the video shortcode:

{{< video src="my_video.mp4" controls="yes" >}}

Podcast

You can add a podcast or music to a page by placing the MP3 file in the page’s folder or the media library folder and then embedding the audio on your page with the audio shortcode:

{{< audio src="ambient-piano.mp3" >}}

Try it out:

Test students

Provide a simple yet fun self-assessment by revealing the solutions to challenges with the spoiler shortcode:

{{< spoiler text="👉 Click to view the solution" >}}
You found me!
{{< /spoiler >}}

renders as

👉 Click to view the solution

You found me 🎉

Math

Hugo Blox Builder supports a Markdown extension for $\LaTeX$ math. You can enable this feature by toggling the math option in your config/_default/params.yaml file.

To render inline or block math, wrap your LaTeX math with {{< math >}}$...${{< /math >}} or {{< math >}}$$...$${{< /math >}}, respectively.

We wrap the LaTeX math in the Hugo Blox math shortcode to prevent Hugo rendering our math as Markdown.

Example math block:

{{< math >}}
$$
\gamma_{n} = \frac{ \left | \left (\mathbf x_{n} - \mathbf x_{n-1} \right )^T \left [\nabla F (\mathbf x_{n}) - \nabla F (\mathbf x_{n-1}) \right ] \right |}{\left \|\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n}) - \nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n-1}) \right \|^2}
$$
{{< /math >}}

renders as

Example inline math {{< math >}}$\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n})${{< /math >}} renders as $\nabla F(\mathbf{x}_{n})$ .

Example multi-line math using the math linebreak (\\):

{{< math >}}
$$f(k;p_{0}^{*}) = \begin{cases}p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=1, \\
1-p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=0.\end{cases}$$
{{< /math >}}

renders as

$$ f(k;p_{0}^{*}) = \begin{cases}p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=1, \\ 1-p_{0}^{*} & \text{if }k=0.\end{cases} $$

Code

Hugo Blox Builder utilises Hugo’s Markdown extension for highlighting code syntax. The code theme can be selected in the config/_default/params.yaml file.

```python
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
data.head()
```

renders as

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
data.head()

Inline Images

{{< icon name="python" >}} Python

renders as

Python

An example journal article

Tue, 01 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000

Click the Cite button above to demo the feature to enable visitors to import publication metadata into their reference management software.

Create your slides in Markdown - click the Slides button to check out the example.

Add the publication’s full text or supplementary notes here. You can use rich formatting such as including code, math, and images.

Awards and Invited Professorships

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Srinivas Raghavendra

India’s export-led growth model

Growth, Distribution, and Social Reproduction: The case of Indian Economy

டிரம்ப்பின் வர்த்தகப் போரும் பத்திரச் சந்தையின் சீற்றமும் (Trump's trade war)

Thinking about self and talking about the economy: The challenges and Joys of teaching Macroeconomics

Explained: How US bond market fury stopped Trump’s trade war

Economic growth and Social reproduction

எப்படி இருக்கிறது நிதிநிலை அறிக்கை? (Analysing Tamil Nadu's state budget 2024-25)

தொடரும் ஆணாதிக்கச் சிந்தனையும் தீவிரமடையும் பாலியல் குற்றங்களும் (Continuing patriarchal thinking will only intensifying sexual crimes)

Fallacy of Composition: A fundamental challenge in understanding Macroeconomcis

ஏற்றம் கண்டதா இந்தியப் பொருளாதாரம்? (Indian economic growth)

Inclusive growth and unequal development

வளர்ச்சி ஏற்றத்தாழ்வுகள் பற்றிய புரிதல் (Understanding the fundamentals of economic growth: this year's Nobel Prize in Economics)

On the fall in household savings

Rising debt strains household savings

2023 கற்றதும் பெற்றதும் | இந்தியப் பொருளாதாரம்: வாய்ப்புகளும் சவால்களும் (Indian Economy: Opportunities and Challenges)

எப்படி இருக்கிறது இந்தியப் பணியாளர்களின் நிலை? (What is the status of employment in the Indian economy?)

உரிமைத்தொகைத் திட்டமும் பெண்களுக்கு அதிகாரமளித்தலும் (Cash transfer for housewives and their empowerment)

Investing in the care economy

Saving the economy from development

Has economics lost its ability to relate to real world?

Dismissing Domestic Violence as a ‘Private Matter’ Ignores Adverse Impact to the Economy

Economists and Austerity Errors

Example Talk

Teaching Philosophy

Recent courses (2023-2025)

Azim Premji University, India (2023-2025)

BA

MA

Past courses (2000-2023)

University of Galway, Ireland (2004-present)

Undergraduate

Postgraduate

PhD

Madras School of Economics, India (2000-2004)

MSc

Indian Institute of Science, India (Visiting Professor 2013-2017)

International Labor Organization, Italy (Visiting Professor 2013-2017)

Aalborg University, Denmark (2008-2009)

EconDyn Lab

Welcome!

How to use the platform?

Dynamic Models for Simulation

Time Series Notes by Kedar Kulkarni

Econdyn Lab Team

Projects

Pandas

PyTorch

scikit-learn

Experience

Learn JavaScript

Video

Podcast

Test students

Math

Code

Inline Images

Did you find this page helpful? Consider sharing it 🙌

Learn Python

Video

Podcast

Test students

Math

Code

Inline Images

Did you find this page helpful? Consider sharing it 🙌

An example journal article

Awards and Invited Professorships